英语写作中，最常被忽视的一项基本功，不是词汇量，而是逻辑衔接。

两段话之间怎么过渡？对比关系怎么表达？原因和结果怎么串联？很多学生只会用”but”和”because”走天下，写出来的文章像没有接缝的积木——虽然堆在一起，但随时会散。

今天我们从FT一篇选举现场报道中，学习5种对比让步型逻辑衔接结构。

FT原文

来源： FT双语阅读 #11 — 《特朗普展开密集竞选活动 力求追赶拜登》

Donald Trump set off on Sunday on an eleventh-hour blitz of five crucial swing states, as polls showed the president continuing to lag behind Democrat Joe Biden with less than 72 hours until polls close.

As of Sunday morning, more than 92m ballots had been cast in the election, according to the US Elections Project.

While the president won all five of the states in 2016, some polls suggest he faces a more difficult path this time. A Saturday Des Moines Register poll, meanwhile, gave Mr Trump a seven percentage point lead in Iowa.

Amid the surge in early voting, many state officials are warning Americans to expect a delayed result.

Some competitive states have begun counting ballots and are expected to report results on election night. But others such as Michigan and Pennsylvania are not allowed to start counting ballots until election day, meaning it could take several days for states to report their totals, given the expected volume of mail-in ballots.

五个逻辑衔接结构

1. While + 对比句：先让步，后转折

原文出处：

While the president won all five of the states in 2016, some polls suggest he faces a more difficult path this time.

为什么好： “While” 引导的让步状语从句，先承认一个事实（特朗普2016年赢了这五个州），再引出对比信息（今年选情更艰难）。这种”先让步、后转折”的结构，比直接说”but”更含蓄、更有说服力。

结构公式：

While + [一方事实], [另一方却不同]

❌ 学生初版

Although Trump won five states in 2016, but he was behind in polls this time.

✅ 升级版

While the president won all five states in 2016, polls suggest he faces a more difficult path this time.

💡 效果 去掉重复的”although… but”，用”while”简洁引出对比���像记者一样客观陈述。

模板：

While [普遍认知/过去情况], [当前情况却不同].

While online learning offers flexibility, many students struggle to maintain self-discipline without in-person supervision.

2. Amid + 名词：用大背景引出具体事件

原文出处：

Amid the surge in early voting, many state officials are warning Americans to expect a delayed result.

为什么好： “Amid”（在…之中）把一个大的社会背景（投票率飙升）和具体事件（官员警告）联系起来。比”Because there was a surge in early voting”简洁得多。

结构公式：

Amid + [大背景/趋势], [具体事件/反应]

❌ 学生初版

Because there was a surge in early voting, many state officials warned people to expect a delayed result.

✅ 升级版

Amid the surge in early voting, many state officials warned that a delayed result should be expected.

💡 效果 Amid把原因融入背景状语，让句子从”为什么”变成”在什么背景下”，更符合英文写作习惯。

模板：

Amid [当前趋势/争议/增长], [主体] [行动/反应].

Amid growing concerns about screen time, many schools are rethinking their digital learning policies.

3. Given + 名词短语：引出合理理由

原文出处：

…it could take several days for states to report their totals, given the expected volume of mail-in ballots.

为什么好： “Given” 表示”考虑到…的情况”，用在结论后面引出合理理由。比”because”更正式，更适合议论文。

结构公式：

[结论], given + [理由/考虑因素]

❌ 学生初版

It may take several days to count because there will be many mail-in ballots.

✅ 升级版

It could take several days to count the ballots, given the unprecedented volume of mail-in votes.

💡 效果 Given 引出的理由逻辑更紧密，且不破坏主句结构。

模板：

[某事很困难/需要时间], given [客观限制因素].

Reducing carbon emissions by 50% within a decade is ambitious, given the current pace of technological adoption.

4. But + 具体对比：突然转折的力量

原文出处：

Some competitive states have begun counting ballots… But others such as Michigan and Pennsylvania are not allowed to start counting ballots until election day.

为什么好： 简单的一个”but”在段中制造了清晰的对比关系。先讲一些州已经开始计票，再用but引出另一些州不能提前计票，对比一目了然。

❌ 学生初版

Some states can count. But Pennsylvania can’t.

✅ 升级版

Some competitive states have begun counting ballots. But others such as Michigan and Pennsylvania are not allowed to start until election day.

💡 效果 在but后补充具体信息（州名、时间限制），让对比有血有肉。

5. As / As of：引出时间/原因背景

原文出处（两个用法）：

Donald Trump set off… as polls showed the president continuing to lag behind… As of Sunday morning, more than 92m ballots had been cast…

为什么好： “As” 既可以表示”当…时”（时间），也可以表示”正如…所显示的”（伴随原因）。“As of” 表示”截至某个时间点”，是新闻报道中引出数据时间范围的标配。

❌ 学生初版

Trump started campaigning. At the same time, polls showed he was behind.

✅ 升级版

Trump set off on an eleventh-hour blitz of crucial swing states, as polls showed the president continuing to lag behind.

💡 效果 “As”把两个动作无缝衔接进同一句，比and或at the same time更自然。

模板（as用于原因/伴随）：

[主要动作], as [伴随情况/原因].

The company announced layoffs, as quarterly profits fell by 30%.

模板（as of用于数据）：

As of [时间], [数据] had [状态].

As of last month, over 2 million users had signed up for the platform.

写作建议

对比让步型逻辑衔接的核心作用，是在论证中承认对立面，但守住自己的立场。中式议论文喜欢直接说”但是我认为…”，而英文更习惯先承认对方有道理（while），再给出自己的理由（but/amid/given）。

练习方法：下次写议论文时，在每一个”but”之前，尝试加一个”while”让步句。

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