很多同学写英语作文时，开头要么是 “With the development of society…” 这种万能废句，要么是 “As we all know…” 这种阅卷老师看到就想打低分的开头。
FT的独家专访文章常常采用一种高分段写法：把被采访人最有力的一句话直接放到开头，用引用作为钩子（hook）。
今天用冯德莱恩谈”大流行病时代”的专访，学两种让作文开头立刻有深度的技巧。
原文段落
Europe must prepare its medical sector to cope with an “era of pandemics”, the European Commission president said, as she warned the bloc was still in its most difficult period for Covid-19 vaccine deliveries.
Ursula von der Leyen told the Financial Times that the EU could not afford to sit still even once Covid-19 has been overcome, as she described her plans for a Europewide fast-reaction system designed to respond more quickly to emerging medical threats.
“Europe is determined to enlarge its strength in vaccine production,” she said in a telephone interview. “It’s an era of pandemics we are entering. If you look at what has been happening over the past few years, I mean from HIV to Ebola to MERS to SARS, these were all epidemics which could be contained, but we should not think it is all over when we’ve overcome Covid-19. The risk is still there.”
…
“The mutant story is worrying me the most,” she said. “When the virus is still raging in the neighbourhood, the probability that mutants will occur, that will come back, for example, to Europe, is only rising.”
开头技巧详解
技巧一：引用式钩子（Quote Hook）—— 用最有力的一句话开场
这篇专访的开头句是一个经典结构：
核心公式： 引用句（核心观点）+ 说话人身份 + 补充背景
"Europe must prepare its medical sector to cope with an 'era of pandemics',"
the European Commission president said, as she warned...这个开头用了三个要素完成了极其高效的切入：
- 引用——直接抛出被采访人最有冲击力的观点（“era of pandemics”是一个概念包装，有记忆点）
- 身份——“the European Commission president”说明这是谁说的，不是匿名来源
- 背景——“as she warned…”补充说话时的语境
❌ 学生初版 Today, many people think that after COVID-19 we will be safe. But it is not true.
✅ 升级版 “Europe must prepare for an era of pandemics,” the EU’s top official warned, as the bloc struggled through its most difficult period of vaccine deliveries.
💡 效果 引用式开头的冲击力是平铺直叙的10倍。学生版本用了10个词铺垫（Today, many people think…），升级版用一个引用直接进入主题。考试作文里，第一句话就引用权威人物+核心观点，瞬间拉开分数差距。
技巧二：设问式钩子 + 回应（Question Hook Followed by Answer）
专访内部还有一个很好的开头结构——在段落中说出一句”设问+回答”：
核心公式： 问题式陈述 + 明确回答
原文中”could not afford to sit still”和”even if Covid-19 is overcome”构成了一个隐性设问：战胜疫情后可以松一口气吗？回答是”No”。
接着用”she described her plans for…”自然过渡到解决方案。
❌ 学生初版 Should we stop working after COVID-19? No, we should continue.
✅ 升级版 Could Europe afford to rest once the pandemic was over? The answer was an emphatic no — Ursula von der Leyen made clear the bloc had to keep building, not stop.
💡 效果 设问+回答的结构在英语写作中被称为”hypophora”（自问自答）。它制造了节奏变化：先引起读者的思考（问），再给出确定的立场（答）。适合用在议论文转折处，比如写完现状后，用一个设问引入你的论点。
技巧三：回环式结尾（Circle Back to Opening Theme）
注意看这篇文章是如何结尾的：
核心公式： 开头主题的回响 + 新的深层担忧
开头用”era of pandemics”定调，结尾用”mutant story is worrying me the most”呼应。两个引用都出自同一人之口，形成了一个完美的主题回环：
- 开头：新的大流行病时代开始了
- 结尾：病毒还在邻居家肆虐，变种风险只会上升
❌ 学生初版 In conclusion, the EU should prepare for future pandemics. This is very important.
✅ 升级版 “If the virus is still raging in the neighbourhood, the probability that mutants will come back to Europe is only rising,” von der Leyen warned — bringing the argument full circle to where it began: an era of pandemics, not a single one.
💡 效果 回环式结尾是雅思/考研作文的高分密码。结尾不应该是”总结”（restate），而应该是”升华”（elevate）。回环到开头主题，但带出更深层的担忧或解决方法，让阅卷老师觉得你的文章有”结构感”。
写作建议
写英语作文时，试试这三种”开头+结尾”的组合：
| 开头方式 | 对应结尾方式 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| 引用式钩子（Quote Hook） | 回环引用（Circle Back） | 议论文、社会话题 |
| 设问式钩子（Question Hook） | 回答式结尾（Answer Wrap） | 议论文、观点对比 |
| 数据/事实开篇（Data Hook） | 预测式结尾（Forward Look） | 说明文、分析类作文 |
最简单的实践方法： 下次写作文，先写正文，最后写开头和结尾。开头用一句话引用某个观点，结尾用一句相关但更深入的话呼应开头。试一次你就发现，文章的整体感完全不同了。
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