学生写议论文时，最常犯的毛病是”单句堆砌”——每一句都是主语+谓语+宾语，句子之间缺乏逻辑联系，读起来像小学生记账。真正的好英文写作，在于用复杂句型呈现复杂关系：因果关系、时间先后、转折对比、让步结论。

今天我们从FT一篇2021年喀布尔机场爆炸的危机报道中，学习5个实战句型。这些句型结构清晰、考场可直接套用。

FT原文段落

At least 13 members of the US military have died along with dozens of civilians after two bombs exploded near Kabul airport on Thursday while western countries were scrambling to complete their final evacuation flights from Afghanistan.

The Pentagon said that in addition to the 13 deaths at least 18 troops were injured following the attacks by two suicide bombers believed to be affiliated with Isis.

The casualties on Thursday resulted from a suicide bombing near the airport’s Abbey Gate, followed by a gunman opening fire on civilians and troops. Another blast occurred at or around the nearby Baron hotel, where some evacuees had been congregating.

The blasts came hours after multiple warnings of security threats complicated attempts to provide safe passage for people trying to flee Afghanistan.

Lloyd Austin, US secretary of defence, said that despite the attacks the US would “not be dissuaded from the task at hand”.

句型解析

句型一：多事件同时发生结构

At least 13 members of the US military have died along with dozens of civilians after two bombs exploded near Kabul airport on Thursday while western countries were scrambling to complete their final evacuation flights from Afghanistan.

结构公式： A happened along with B after C while D was doing E

这句话一口气交代了三个同时发生的事件：A（死亡）、C（爆炸）、D/E（争分夺秒撤退）。用 after 连接因果、while 连接同时发生的行为。

❌ 学生初版 13 US soldiers died. Two bombs exploded. Western countries were evacuating people.

✅ 升级版 At least 13 US soldiers died along with dozens of civilians after a bombing at the airport while the international community was scrambling to evacuate its citizens.

💡 效果 升级版用一个句子交代了三个事件及其时间关系，信息密度翻倍，读起来更专业。

模板：

[Number] people died along with [number] others after [event] while [authorities/organizations] were scrambling to [action].

例句：

At least 30 people were injured along with 5 others after a fire broke out in the factory while rescue workers were scrambling to reach the scene.

句型二：数据报告 + 来源归属

The Pentagon said that in addition to the 13 deaths at least 18 troops were injured following the attacks by two suicide bombers believed to be affiliated with Isis.

结构公式： [Authority] said that in addition to A, B happened following C believed to be associated with D

这个句型的好处是：数据 + 来源 + 背景信息一次打包，而不是拆成三句。in addition to 补充信息，believed to be 为推测留有余地。

❌ 学生初版 The government said 18 troops were injured. The attacks were carried out by two bombers. They were related to Isis.

✅ 升级版 The Pentagon said that in addition to the 13 deaths, at least 18 troops were injured following attacks by two suicide bombers believed to be affiliated with Isis.

💡 效果 一句话说完所有信息，in addition to 和 believed to be 让表达更精确、更正式。

模板：

[Authority] said that in addition to [number A], [number B] had been [affected] following [event] believed to be [attribution].

例句：

The local government said that in addition to 50 buildings damaged, more than 200 families had been displaced following the earthquake believed to be the strongest in the region in a decade.

句型三：事件链结构（原因→结果→后续）

The casualties on Thursday resulted from a suicide bombing near the airport’s Abbey Gate, followed by a gunman opening fire on civilians and troops. Another blast occurred at or around the nearby Baron hotel, where some evacuees had been congregating.

结构公式： A resulted from B, followed by C. Another D occurred at or around E, where F had been doing G.

resulted from 交代原因，followed by 交代顺序，where 引导定语从句补充背景。两层递进，清晰有力。

❌ 学生初版 Some people died on Thursday. A suicide bomber first attacked. Then a gunman shot people. Another blast happened near a hotel. People were gathering there.

✅ 升级版 The casualties resulted from a suicide bombing near the airport gate, followed by a gunman opening fire on civilians. Another blast occurred at or around a nearby hotel, where evacuees had been congregating.

💡 效果 升级版用 resulted from 和 followed by 串联事件链，读起来有条理、不凌乱。

模板：

The [outcome] resulted from [cause], followed by [subsequent event]. Another [event] occurred at or around [location], where [people] had been [action].

例句：

The traffic chaos resulted from a major accident on the expressway, followed by dozens of vehicles slowing down to observe. Another incident occurred at or around the nearby tunnel, where drivers had been waiting for hours.

句型四：时间递进结构

The blasts came hours after multiple warnings of security threats complicated attempts to provide safe passage for people trying to flee Afghanistan.

结构公式： A came hours after B complicated attempts to C for people trying to D

came hours after 交代时间关系，complicated attempts to 表示阻碍，trying to 表示目的。一个句子包含：时间 + 阻碍 + 目的。

❌ 学生初版 The blasts happened. Before that, there were security warnings. The warnings made it hard to help people leave.

✅ 升级版 The attack came hours after multiple warnings of security threats complicated attempts to provide safe passage for people trying to flee the conflict zone.

💡 效果 升级版精简为一句话，came after 和 complicated attempts to 两个动词语法结构展现了因果关系，比 because 更高级。

模板：

The [event] came [time period] after [factor] complicated attempts to [goal] for people trying to [purpose].

例句：

The school closure came days after rising infection rates complicated attempts to keep classrooms open for students trying to complete their final exams.

句型五：让步结构（Despite + 决心）

Lloyd Austin, US secretary of defence, said that despite the attacks the US would “not be dissuaded from the task at hand”.

结构公式： [Official], [title], said that despite [obstacle], [authority] would "not be [verb-ed] from [goal]".

让步结构 despite + 名词 接一个决心声明，是议论文结尾段的万能模板。 not be dissuaded from 比 not give up 正式太多。

❌ 学生初版 The official said although the attacks happened, the US would not give up its plan.

✅ 升级版 Antonio Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that despite the worsening crisis, the international community would “not be deterred from its commitment to humanitarian aid”.

💡 效果 not be deterred from 比 not give up 正式得多。搭配同位语 Antonio Guterres, the UN secretary-general，整个句子看起来像模像样。

模板：

[Name], [title], said that despite [obstacle], [entity] would “not be [verb-ed] from [commitment]”.

例句：

Jane Smith, the head of the environmental agency, said that despite budget cuts, the organisation would “not be deterred from monitoring air quality in the region”.

写作建议

这5个句型有一个共同点：它们都用”打包”的方式处理信息。学生初版总是把一句话能说完的信息拆成三句话，而FT记者用连接词、介词结构和从句把信息层层嵌套。备考雅思/高考的同学，可以从这个方向开始练习：每次写议论文，强迫自己每段至少有一个”多事件打包句”。

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