写议论文时，最怕什么？最怕你只会写 The government should solve this problem。政策类话题（移民、环保、教育改革）中，真正的高分表达不是”解决问题”本身，而是描述**“在面对困境时各方做了什么反应”**。
今天我们从FT一篇《美墨边境闯关者增多令拜登难办》中，提炼5个政策困境类的高分表达。
FT原文精选
The Biden administration is struggling to address an influx of unaccompanied minors attempting to cross the US southern border as figures confirmed a sharp jump in attempted crossings.
While it has placed blame for the current border crisis on the previous White House, it has struggled to simultaneously tout a promising message to migrants while deterring people from crossing into the country outside the proper legal channels.
Republican lawmakers have hit out at the administration for not doing enough to stem the crisis.
词汇解析
1. struggle to address — 难以应对、疲于招架
原文出处： “The Biden administration is struggling to address an influx of unaccompanied minors.”
中文解释：
struggle to address 比 try to solve 或 fail to handle 都更有层次感——它暗示”虽然努力了，但很难应付”。这个短语出现在几乎每一篇描述政策挑战的报道中。
❌ 学生初版
The government tried to solve the housing problem.✅ 升级版
Local authorities are struggling to address the growing homelessness crisis.💡 效果
struggle to address 比 try to solve 更诚实、更有动态感——读者能感受到”面对困境的努力”。
💡 例句
Many schools are struggling to address the widening achievement gap between rich and poor students.2. influx — （人/物）大量涌入
原文出处： “an influx of unaccompanied minors attempting to cross the US southern border”
中文解释：
influx 特指”大量涌入”（通常是人、资金、信息）。它比 a lot of people coming 地道多了，而且是雅思读写高频词。
❌ 学生初版
A lot of tourists came to the city.✅ 升级版
The influx of international tourists placed immense pressure on local infrastructure.💡 例句
The sudden influx of foreign investment transformed the city's skyline within a decade.3. tout a message — 宣扬、大力宣传（某种信息）
原文出处： “struggled to simultaneously tout a promising message to migrants while deterring people from crossing”
中文解释：
tout 不是简单的 say 或 announce，而是”大力宣传、兜售某种说法/信息”。媒体常用这个词描述一个矛盾动作——一方面要释放欢迎信号，另一方面要阻止实际行动。
❌ 学生初版
The government said that immigration was good.✅ 升级版
The minister touted the policy's benefits while acknowledging its implementation challenges.💡 例句
Universities tout their global rankings to attract international students, while quietly raising tuition fees.4. deter…from — 阻止、威慑（某人做某事）
原文出处： “deterring people from crossing into the country outside the proper legal channels”
中文解释：
deter ... from doing 是正式文体的”阻止某人做某事”，强调”通过威慑/恐惧/警告等手段让人不敢做”。比 stop/prevent 更精细——它不是物理阻拦，而是心理威慑。
❌ 学生初版
The government wanted to stop people from breaking the law.✅ 升级版
Stricter penalties alone cannot deter young people from using social media irresponsibly.💡 例句
The rising cost of college tuition is deterring many students from pursuing higher education.5. hit out at / stem the crisis — 猛烈抨击 / 遏制危机
原文出处： “Republican lawmakers have hit out at the administration for not doing enough to stem the crisis.”
中文解释：
hit out at 是”猛烈抨击”，比 criticize 更有攻击性。stem 是”遏制（不好的趋势）“，如 stem the tide（遏制潮流）、stem the spread（遏制扩散）。
❌ 学生初版
Many people criticized the government for failing to stop the problem.✅ 升级版
Environmental groups hit out at the government for failing to stem the loss of biodiversity.💡 例句
Parents hit out at the education department for not doing enough to stem the rise in student anxiety.写作建议
这5个表达的核心价值在于：它们让你从”描述事实”升级到**“描述各方反应”**。
写议论文时，不要只写 The problem is serious。试试用这些结构：
struggle to address— 描述当局的无力感influx of— 描述某个趋势的爆发tout ... while ...— 描述自相矛盾的信息deter civil from doing— 描述政策的目的hit out at ... for not doing enough to stem ...— 描述批评的激烈程度
一篇高分的议论文，就是由这样的”动态描述”构成的。
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