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为什么要读这篇？
写”一个决定导致连锁后果”时，学生是不是除了 because / so / as a result 就写不出别的了？
今天这篇FT报道讲的是朝鲜因新冠疫情退出东京奥运会，以及这一决定引发的外交撤退、谈判僵局、关系恶化——这是中高考和雅思常考的”因果关系""决策影响”类话题的绝佳素材。
最大的亮点是：作者用 5种完全不同的句式 来串联因果链，而不是机械重复 because...so...。学完这5种表达，你的因果段就能从”小学生逻辑”升级为”议论文逻辑”。
FT原文精选
North Korea withdrew from the Tokyo Olympics because of the coronavirus pandemic, dashing Seoul’s hopes of using the event to improve inter-Korean relations and revive nuclear talks.
The decision to withdraw coincides with deteriorating inter-Korean relations, which have been put under additional strain by North Korea’s recent missile launches and a stalemate in nuclear talks between Washington and Pyongyang.
The Olympics detente led to historic summits between Kim and then US president Donald Trump, where the North Korean leader pledged to denuclearise. But talks have since stalled. Kim has cut engagement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in.
North Korea is the first country to withdraw from Tokyo 2020, marking the latest setback for a Games dogged by corruption allegations and the pandemic.
中文对照： 朝鲜因新冠疫情退出东京奥运会，粉碎了韩国利用奥运会改善朝韩关系并重启核谈判的希望。这一决定正值朝韩关系恶化之际，朝鲜的导弹发射使关系更紧张。奥运会带来的缓和促成了金正恩与特朗普的会晤，但此后谈判陷入僵局。金正恩中断了与文在寅的接触。朝鲜是第一个退出东京奥运会的国家，标志着本届奥运会遭遇的最新挫折。
5个考场高分表达
1. withdraw from [event] + citing [reason] 以……为由退出……
原文出处： “North Korea withdrew from the Tokyo Olympics because of the coronavirus pandemic, citing the need to protect its athletes.”
为什么好： 写”退出比赛/活动/协议”只会用 leave 或 quit？withdraw from 是书面语的标准表达，而 citing [reason] 更是一个绝妙的”含因果的伴随状语”——它把原因放在分词结构里，而不是另起一句写 because。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| Many countries left the competition because of safety concerns. | Several teams withdrew from the tournament, citing safety concerns. |
| The company quit the project because costs were too high. | The company withdrew from the joint venture, citing rising operational costs. |
例句： Several schools withdrew from the exchange programme, citing travel restrictions and health concerns.
2. dash one’s hopes of [doing] 粉碎了……的希望
原文出处： “…dashing Seoul’s hopes of using the event to improve inter-Korean relations and revive nuclear talks.”
为什么好： 这是一个及物分词结构，前面是一个整件事（退出奥运会），后面紧跟着这件事的后果——“粉碎希望”。dash 在这里不是”猛冲”，而是”击碎”（像把杯子摔在地上一样）。比 destroy one's hope 更简洁、更有画面感。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The bad result destroyed our hope of winning. | The unexpected defeat dashed our hopes of reaching the finals. |
| The failure made us lose hope. | The budget cut dashed the team’s hopes of expanding the research programme. |
例句： The sudden cancellation of the scholarship programme dashed many students’ hopes of studying abroad.
3. put [something] under (additional) strain 给……增加压力/使……更紧张
原文出处： “…which have been put under additional strain by North Korea’s recent missile launches…”
为什么好： 写”让事情变糟”只会用 make it worse？put [something] under strain 表达的是施加压力导致关系/系统处于紧绷状态。strain 比 pressure 更强调”快要撑不住”的感觉。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The problem made the relationship worse. | The dispute put the trade relationship under strain. |
| The disagreement caused tension between them. | The territorial conflict put diplomatic relations under considerable strain. |
例句： The increasing number of applications has put the university’s admission system under severe strain.
4. talks have since stalled / has cut engagement with 谈判此后停滞 / 中断了与……的接触
原文出处： “But talks have since stalled. Kim has cut engagement with South Korean President…”
为什么好： 这两个表达放在一起效果极佳：has since stalled 用一个 since 隐含了时间上的因果链——从那以后就停滞了；cut engagement with 则用正式的”中断接触”替代了学生常写的 stopped talking to。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| After that, they stopped talking. | Official dialogue has since stalled, and both sides have cut engagement with each other. |
| The negotiations didn’t continue. | The peace talks have since stalled, with neither side willing to compromise. |
例句： The reform process has since stalled as the government cut engagement with opposition parties.
5. mark the latest setback for [something] 标志着……遭遇的最新挫折
原文出处： “…marking the latest setback for a Games dogged by corruption allegations…”
为什么好： 写”这是又一个坏消息”只会用 This is another bad thing？mark the latest setback for 是结尾句的完美选择：它在总结前文的同时，暗示前面还有一系列问题。setback 比 failure 更精准——它不是完全失败，而是挫折/倒退。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| This was another problem for the project. | The funding cut marked the latest setback for the ambitious energy plan. |
| This made things even harder for the team. | The star player’s injury marked the latest setback for the already struggling team. |
例句： The school’s poor ranking in the national assessment marked the latest setback for the education reform programme.
总结
因果关系的表达力，决定了一篇议论文的档次。今天这5个表达告诉你一件事：好的因果链不是堆砌 because，而是把原因和结果巧妙地藏在分词结构、名词短语和时间状语里。 下次写”一个决定带来连锁反应”时，试试用 withdraw...citing 开头，用 dashed hopes 描述后果，中间穿插 put under strain 和 has since stalled，最后用 marking the latest setback for 收尾——这就是母语者的因果段写法。