你有没有过这样的经历？写议论文时，想表达「让步」「反对」「利用漏洞」这些概念，翻来覆去只会用 give up、strongly disagree、take advantage of —— 词没错，但太平了。

今天我们从《金融时报》一篇关于拜登基建谈判的报道中，精选 6 个高频且实用的表达。每一个都对应一个常见的写作场景，学了就能直接用。

FT原文段落

Joe Biden is prepared to drop his demands for an increase in the US corporation tax rate if enough Republicans agree to support a surge in infrastructure spending, according to people familiar with the negotiations.

The concession by the US president is aimed at catalysing a bipartisan agreement on his bid to fund more than 1tn in additional spending.

Republicans are adamantly opposed to it on the grounds that it would hurt the economy and partly unwind Donald Trump’s signature tax cuts.

He wants to impose a 15 per cent minimum tax on businesses so they cannot take advantage of loopholes that mean they end up paying very little or nothing at all.

“This does not mean he is jettisoning his overall positions,” said one person familiar with the talks.

1. drop one’s demands — 放弃要求

原文： Biden is prepared to drop his demands for an increase in the US corporation tax rate.

中文释义： 放弃要求、不再坚持

为什么好： 大多数学生写「give up」。「Drop demands」是外交/谈判场景的标准用法，比「give up」更正式、更地道。

❌ 学生初版

The government gave up its plan to increase taxes.

✅ 升级版

The government dropped its demands for an immediate tax increase after facing strong opposition from businesses.

💡 效果 从口语化的「give up」升级为正式文体的「drop demands」，语气更沉稳。

例句：

  • The school dropped its demands for mandatory Saturday classes after parents protested.
  • The company dropped its demands for a full refund and agreed to a partial compensation instead.

2. catalyse — 催化、推动

原文： The concession by the US president is aimed at catalysing a bipartisan agreement.

中文释义： 催化、推动（一个过程/结果的发生）

为什么好： 学生常用 cause 或 lead to，这两个词太宽泛。Catalyse 源自化学术语”催化剂”，用在议论文中表示「推动某事加速发生」，非常精准有力。

❌ 学生初版

The new policy caused economic growth.

✅ 升级版

The government’s investment in renewable energy catalysed a boom in green jobs across the country.

💡 效果 比「caused」更主动、更形象——像是在描述一种化学反应式的连锁反应。

例句：

  • The teacher’s encouragement catalysed a dramatic improvement in the student’s writing performance.
  • Social media catalysed the spread of awareness about environmental issues among young people.

3. adamantly opposed — 坚决反对

原文： Republicans are adamantly opposed to it on the grounds that it would hurt the economy.

中文释义： 坚决反对、毫不妥协地反对

为什么好： strongly disagree 太口语化，oppose 太干。Adamantly opposed 是议论文中表达「强烈反对」的黄金搭配。

❌ 学生初版

Many people strongly disagree with the new law.

✅ 升级版

Many residents are adamantly opposed to the construction of a new factory near their homes, citing concerns over air pollution.

💡 效果 语气从「不同意」升级为「坚决反对」，体现议论文中的立场鲜明度。

例句：

  • Environmental groups are adamantly opposed to the plan to drill for oil in protected areas.
  • The student union was adamantly opposed to the proposed increase in tuition fees.

4. unwind — 撤销、松开

原文： …partly unwind Donald Trump’s signature tax cuts.

中文释义： 撤销（先前的政策/安排）；松开、解开

为什么好： unwind 本义是「解开缠绕的东西」，用在政策语境中表示「撤销之前的举措」。比 cancel 或 reverse 更形象、更地道。

❌ 学生初版

The new government canceled the previous policies.

✅ 升级版

The new administration moved quickly to unwind several of its predecessor’s controversial economic policies.

💡 效果 一个词就把「推翻前任政策」这个意思说清楚了，而且有一种「解绳结」的画面感。

例句：

  • It took years to unwind the complex regulations that had been built up over the previous decade.
  • The company decided to unwind its investment in the struggling startup.

5. loophole — 漏洞

原文： …they cannot take advantage of loopholes that mean they end up paying very little or nothing at all.

中文释义： （法律、合同、税制中的）漏洞、空子

为什么好： 议论文中经常需要讨论「漏洞」这个概念——法律漏洞、制度漏洞、规则漏洞。Loophole 是标准用词，搭配 exploit 或 take advantage of 使用。

❌ 学生初版

Some companies find problems in the law to avoid taxes.

✅ 升级版

Some large corporations exploit legal loopholes to avoid paying their fair share of taxes.

💡 效果 从模糊的「problems in the law」升级为精准的「legal loopholes」，专业感立刻提升。

例句：

  • The new regulation was designed to close the loopholes that had allowed excessive pollution.
  • Many students try to find loopholes in the school rules to justify their behavior.

6. jettison — 抛弃、放弃

原文： “This does not mean he is jettisoning his overall positions…”

中文释义： 抛弃、丢弃（原计划/立场等）

为什么好： Jettison 本义是「（船上）抛弃货物以减轻重量」，用在抽象语境中表示「果断放弃某个立场」。比 abandon 更生动、更有画面感。

❌ 学生初版

The government abandoned its plan to reform the education system.

✅ 升级版

The government chose not to jettison its ambitious education reform plan, despite fierce criticism from the media.

💡 效果 一个词就传递出「经过权衡后的战略性放弃」这种微妙含义。

例句：

  • Rather than jettisoning their environmental commitments, the company found a more cost-effective way to achieve them.
  • Many students jettison their hobbies in the final year of high school to focus entirely on exam preparation.

写作建议

这 6 个表达分别对应不同写作场景：

表达适用场景
drop demands让步、放弃要求
catalyse推动、引发变化
adamantly opposed表达强烈反对
unwind撤销政策/安排
loophole讨论制度漏洞
jettison战略性放弃

练习方法：

  • 每天选一个词，写 3 个不同话题的句子
  • 一周后，尝试在一篇完整的作文中自然融入 2-3 个
  • 写作时不要强塞——用得自然比用得华丽更重要

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