读外刊时，你有没有注意到：好的开头，像一扇快速打开的门——读者还没反应过来，就已经被带进了文章的节奏里。
而很多同学的开头，像慢慢推开的门，半天不知道他想说什么。
今天我们从FT一篇社评中学习三种「开门见山」的开头写法。
FT原文
The trickling of power from the mightiest person on Earth seems unlikely to abate. Donald Trump will fight to stay in the White House, on spurious grounds, but much of the world is moving on from the US election.
Foreign leaders are congratulating the man they refer to as “president-elect” Joe Biden. Most Americans themselves are resuming their lives: neither the street parties nor the pro-Trump rallies are typical.
地球上最有权力的人在渐渐失去实权，其势头似乎不可逆转。唐纳德•特朗普为了留在白宫，将会祭出种种站不住脚的理由，但世界上大多数人已接受美国大选结果。
这是2020年11月9日FT社评《拜登当选为世界翻开新的一页》（Leader: Biden turns the page）的开头段落。
教学要点：三个开头技巧
① 用隐喻开场（Metaphor Opener）
结构公式： [抽象概念] + [隐喻动词] + of + [主体] + 补充句
原文示范：
The trickling of power from the mightiest person on Earth seems unlikely to abate.
trickling（滴漏）是一个视觉化的隐喻——权力像水一样慢慢漏掉。如果是学生写，可能会写成 Donald Trump is losing power gradually. 但FT用了一个画面感极强的词，让读者「看到」权力的流失。
| 写法 | |
|---|---|
| ❌ 学生初版 | Donald Trump was losing his power. Many people thought Biden would win. |
| ✅ 升级版 | The trickling of power from the mightiest person on Earth seems unlikely to abate. |
| 💡 效果 | 一个隐喻词（trickling）就把「权力的逐渐流失」浓缩成画面，比直白的”was losing power”高级一个层次 |
考场用法：
- The trickling of trust between the two countries has created an uneasy atmosphere.
- A wave of anxiety swept through the room as the exam results were announced.
② 用对比引入（Contrast Opener）
结构公式： [主体A的行动] + but/yet + [主体B的行动相反]
原文示范：
Donald Trump will fight to stay in the White House, on spurious grounds, but much of the world is moving on from the US election.
FT在同一个人物身上做对比：Trump在fighting to stay，但the world在moving on。这个”but”形成的张力，本身就是精彩的开头。
| 写法 | |
|---|---|
| ❌ 学生初版 | Trump didn’t want to leave. The world accepted the election result. |
| ✅ 升级版 | Donald Trump will fight to stay in the White House, on spurious grounds, but much of the world is moving on from the US election. |
| 💡 效果 | 一个but连接两个相反的走向，形成强烈的戏剧冲突——不用额外解释，读者就感受到”一个人的固执 vs 世界的向前” |
考场用法：
- The government insists on the old policy, but the public has already begun to embrace change.
- Some argue that technology isolates us, yet the data shows we are more connected than ever.
③ 用现象+具体场景收束开头（Scene-Setting Opener）
结构公式： [概括现象] + [具体场景]: [细节一] + [细节二]
原文示范：
Most Americans themselves are resuming their lives: neither the street parties nor the pro-Trump rallies are typical.
「大多数人恢复生活」是概括，冒号后面两个否定细节（没有庆祝派对、没有集会）给了具体的画面。这就是”show, don’t tell”。
| 写法 | |
|---|---|
| ❌ 学生初版 | Most Americans went back to their normal lives. |
| ✅ 升级版 | Most Americans themselves are resuming their lives: neither the street parties nor the pro-Trump rallies are typical. |
| 💡 效果 | 冒号后的两个”neither…nor”细节让读者”看到”场景，而不是被告知事实 |
考场用法：
- Life in the city gradually returned to normal: neither the empty streets nor the silent cafes suggested a crisis had just passed.
- The campus was buzzing with energy: students were chatting in the hallways, queuing at the coffee shop, and gathering on the lawn.
开头总结公式
| 技巧 | 什么时候用 | 一句话公式 |
|---|---|---|
| 隐喻开头 | 写社会现象、趋势类话题 | [抽象] + [具象动词] + of + [主体] |
| 对比开头 | 写冲突、争议、变化类话题 | [一方] + but + [相反一方] |
| 场景开头 | 写经历、观察、描述类话题 | [概括] + : + [两个具体场景] |
写作建议
写作文时，前两句话决定了阅卷老师的印象分。不要用 With the development of society… 这种万能开头。试试以上三种之一，哪怕只用一次，你的开头就和别人不一样了。
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