读《金融时报》学英文写作：句型模仿——写数据只会“increased a lot”？跟FT学4个趋势描述句型
📖 素材来源： FT №184 — 韩国经济第二季度增速创10年新高（2021年7月，452词）
为什么学“数据与趋势”
中考、高考、雅思的作文里，数字几乎一定会出现：图表题要描述趋势，议论文要用数字支撑观点，写变化也要交代幅度。学生写数据，通常只有三招：
The number increased a lot. It is much bigger than before. More and more people are doing this.
三个问题：第一，数字没有参照系——“增长很多”是比谁多、比哪个时期快？第二，数字没有身份——谁发布的、什么口径、哪段时间？第三，数字后面没有判断——涨了说明什么、接下来会怎样？读者看完只知道“有个数”，不知道“这个数意味着什么”。
今天从《金融时报》一篇报道韩国二季度经济数据的文章里，抽 4 个句型。它们解决一个具体问题：怎么把数字放进句子，并让数字自己说话。图表作文、议论文的论证段、任何需要“用事实说话”的段落都能直接移植。
FT 原文
South Korea’s economy grew at its fastest pace in a decade in the second quarter on the back of robust exports and rebounding consumption, but the optimism was damped by a wave of Covid-19 infections.
Gross domestic product expanded 5.9 per cent from a year earlier in the April-June quarter, according to the Bank of Korea, partly owing to the low base effect from last year when the country was hit hard by the pandemic.
Private consumption and government spending rose 3.5 per cent and 3.9 per cent, respectively, quarter on quarter.
Daily cases have topped 1,000 since early July, driven by the highly transmissible Delta variant. Vaccines are also in short supply, as just one-third of the population has had at least one dose of vaccine.
The growth data are expected to add pressure on the central bank to start tightening monetary policy earlier than expected.
中文大意：在出口强劲和消费反弹的推动下，韩国经济在第二季度创下10年来最快增速，但这一乐观势头被一波新冠感染蒙上阴影。韩国央行的数据显示，今年第二季度 GDP 同比增长 5.9%，部分原因是去年疫情严重冲击造成的低基数效应。私人消费与政府支出环比分别增长 3.5% 和 3.9%。自 7 月初以来单日新增病例已超过 1000 例，由高传染性的 Delta 变种驱动；疫苗也供应不足，只有三分之一的人口接种了至少一剂。预计这组增长数据将给央行带来更大压力，迫使其比预期更早收紧货币政策。
句型一：双面数据句 —— on the back of … but the optimism was damped by …
结构公式
[主体] grew at its fastest pace in a decade in [时段] on the back of [利好A] and [利好B], but the optimism was damped by [风险]
FT 原文
South Korea’s economy grew at its fastest pace in a decade in the second quarter on the back of robust exports and rebounding consumption, but the optimism was damped by a wave of Covid-19 infections.
为什么好
这一句完成了三件事：给参照系（at its fastest pace in a decade——不是“很快”，是“十年来最快”）、给推动力（on the back of A and B，一个短语带走两个因素，比 because of 更贴合报道体）、给隐忧（but the optimism was damped by …：把“乐观情绪”当成主语让它被“压制”，一个被动句就把转折写成了画面）。学生写“有好有坏”，通常是两句话加一个 But，读起来像清单；FT 把它压成一句，读起来像判断。
❌ 学生初版
The economy grew very fast. This is a good thing. But there are also some problems.
✅ 升级版
Our school team won at its fastest pace in a decade in the regional contest on the back of daily training and a new coach, but the optimism was damped by two injuries before the final.
💡 效果
“增长很快”升级成“十年来最快”，读者立刻有了尺度；“but the optimism was damped by”让转折从“还有问题”变成“乐观被打住”，语气准确得多。
模板 + 例句
[主体] [动词] at its fastest pace in a decade in [时段] on the back of [A] and [B], but the optimism was damped by [风险]
- 环境话题：The city cut air pollution at its fastest pace in a decade last year on the back of stricter traffic rules and cleaner heating, but the optimism was damped by a rise in construction dust.
- 教育话题：Reading scores improved at their fastest pace in a decade in the district on the back of longer library hours and teacher training, but the optimism was damped by a widening gap between schools.
句型二：数据 + 来源 + 限定归因 —— according to … partly owing to …
结构公式
[指标] rose / expanded X per cent from a year earlier in [时段], according to [来源], partly owing to [原因]
FT 原文
Gross domestic product expanded 5.9 per cent from a year earlier in the April-June quarter, according to the Bank of Korea, partly owing to the low base effect from last year when the country was hit hard by the pandemic.
为什么好
数字出现在句子的四个位置上，各有分工：紧跟数字的 from a year earlier 交代比较基准（同比），according to the Bank of Korea 给数据出处（数据有来源才可信），partly owing to 把因果说成部分原因——一个 partly 就把话说得克制，不把复杂现象归给单一原因，这正是议论文里最被认可的分寸感。学生常写 The number is 5.9 per cent because of last year，句子没有来源、没有基准、因果说得太满。
❌ 学生初版
The GDP grew 5.9 per cent. This is because of last year, when the situation was very bad.
✅ 升级版
Online course enrolment rose 42 per cent from a year earlier in the spring term, according to the school’s survey, partly owing to the low cost of digital resources when families were cutting spending.
💡 效果
一句话里给出数字、基准、来源、限定归因——阅卷老师读到的是“会查资料、会控制语气”的写作者，而不是“只会背数字”的考生。
模板 + 例句
[指标] rose X per cent from a year earlier, according to [来源], partly owing to [原因]
- 社会话题：Volunteer numbers rose 30 per cent from a year earlier, according to the city’s youth centre, partly owing to a shorter training programme.
- 科技话题：Screen time among teenagers rose 18 per cent from a year earlier, according to a national survey, partly owing to the shift of homework on to tablets.
句型三：两组数据并列 —— A and B rose X% and Y%, respectively
结构公式
[对象A] and [对象B] rose X per cent and Y per cent, respectively, quarter on quarter / year on year
FT 原文
Private consumption and government spending rose 3.5 per cent and 3.9 per cent, respectively, quarter on quarter.
为什么好
两组数据合成一句，respectively 保证顺序一一对应（A 对 X、B 对 Y），quarter on quarter 交代比较基准是环比——中文里的“同比/环比”，英文就是 year on year 和 quarter on quarter 这两个短语，写图表作文时几乎必用。学生会写成两句：Consumption rose 3.5%. Government spending rose 3.9%. 意思没错，但节奏散、看不出两者的对比关系。
❌ 学生初版
Private consumption rose 3.5 per cent. Government spending rose 3.9 per cent.
✅ 升级版
Cycling and walking to school rose 12 per cent and 8 per cent, respectively, year on year, while car use fell for the first time in five years.
💡 效果
respectively 一句吃掉两组数据，句子因此有了“并列—对照”的骨架，后面接 while 的对比也顺理成章。
模板 + 例句
[A] and [B] rose X per cent and Y per cent, respectively, year on year / quarter on quarter
- 校园话题：Library visits and club sign-ups rose 20 per cent and 15 per cent, respectively, year on year.
- 健康话题：Fruit and vegetable sales rose 9 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively, quarter on quarter.
句型四：趋势的驱动力与下一步 —— driven by … are expected to add pressure on … to …
结构公式
[指标] have topped [数字] since [时间], driven by [原因] ＋ [现象], as [分数/比例] ... ＋ [数据] are expected to add pressure on [对象] to [动作]
FT 原文
Daily cases have topped 1,000 since early July, driven by the highly transmissible Delta variant. Vaccines are also in short supply, as just one-third of the population has had at least one dose of vaccine.
The growth data are expected to add pressure on the central bank to start tightening monetary policy earlier than expected.
为什么好
这是“从数据到判断”的三步走。have topped 1,000 since early July 用现在完成时表示持续突破某条线；driven by 用过去分词把原因挂在句尾，比 because of 更像数据报告；as just one-third of the population ... 用一个分数交代缺口——写“问题有多严重”用比例，不用形容词。最后一句 are expected to add pressure on A to do B 把预测说成“外界预期”，而不是“我认为”，既给出判断又留了余地——学生写结论常是 So the bank will raise rates next month，太满、太绝对。
❌ 学生初版
There are more than 1,000 cases every day because of Delta. Vaccines are not enough. So the bank will raise rates next month.
✅ 升级版
Late homework has topped 40 per cent since the new term, driven by longer bus journeys, as one-third of students now travel more than an hour each way. The figures are expected to add pressure on the school to adjust the morning timetable earlier than expected.
💡 效果
同一条“问题—缺口—压力”的链条，从三个短句升级成两句有层级的句子：数据有驱动力、缺口有比例、判断有出处（expected to），结尾因此不像口号，像分析。
模板 + 例句
[指标] have topped / fallen below [数字] since [时间], driven by [原因] / [数据] are expected to add pressure on [对象] to [动作]
- 环境话题：Plastic waste has topped 100 tonnes a month since spring, driven by online deliveries, as only one in five packaging items is recycled. The trend is expected to add pressure on local stores to charge for bags.
- 科技话题：Screens in classrooms have topped three hours a day since September, driven by digital homework, as half of the lessons now rely on tablets. The findings are expected to add pressure on schools to set screen-free days.
练习建议
- 数据三问：写下每个数字前先问三件事——参照系（比谁、比哪个时期）、来源（according to）、判断（so what）。三问答不出来的数字，删掉比留着好。
- 图表改写：拿一张中考或雅思图表，只用今天的句型写 4 句：第一句双面数据，第二句数字加来源，第三句两组并列，第四句驱动力加预期。写完朗读一遍，检查每句是否有“超过一个信息”。
- 替换清单：凡是出现
a lot、more and more、very big、because of的地方，问自己能不能换成at its fastest pace in a decade、X per cent from a year earlier、driven by、partly owing to。
厦门灯塔 · 专业英语作文逐句批改 | 微信 linstudio799 专注中高考/雅思写作 · 逐句精批 + 逻辑重构 + 母语级升级