读《金融时报》学英文写作：句型模仿——僵局与和解（谈判场景的4个句型公式）
📖 素材来源： FT №97 — 美韩就驻韩美军军费分担达成一致（2021年3月，547词）
为什么学“谈判与和解”
写“解决问题”的作文，学生几乎都是同一个结尾：双方讨论了一下，最后同意了，问题解决了。
The two sides talked about the problem. At last they agreed. So the problem was solved.
问题在于：第一，没有“之前的僵局”——没有僵局，和解就没有分量；第二，“同意”只有一个 agreed，看不出是原则性同意、暂时性安排，还是正式签署；第三，让步与代价一个字都没有——谈判之所以值得写，正因为双方都要动一点自己的底线。
今天从《金融时报》一篇报道美韩达成防卫费分担协议的文章里，抽 4 个句型。它们解决一个具体问题：怎么把“从僵局到达成”写得有过程、有分寸、有立场。写合作、协商、矛盾化解、团队分工类作文都能直接移植。
FT 原文
The US and South Korea have reached a deal to boost Seoul’s financial support for America’s military presence in the country, in a bid to resolve a big source of friction in the alliance during Donald Trump’s presidency.
The tentative pact still has to be finalised and signed but was reached in principle on Sunday, according to officials involved in the talks.
The state department said it reflected the Biden administration’s “commitment to reinvigorating and modernising our democratic alliances around the world”.
The deal follows a tense impasse under the Trump administration which had strained ties between Washington and Seoul.
中文大意：美国与韩国已达成协议，增加首尔方面对驻韩美军的财政支持，以解决特朗普总统任内美韩同盟的一个重大摩擦点。参与谈判的官员表示，这一初步协议仍需最终敲定并签署，但已于上周日原则上达成。美国国务院表示，这反映出拜登政府“致力于重振和更新我们在世界各地的民主同盟”。这份协议达成前，美韩关系在特朗普政府时期一度陷入紧张的僵局。
句型一：达成协议 + 目的 —— have reached a deal to …, in a bid to …
结构公式
A and B have reached a deal to [动作], in a bid to [目的]
FT 原文
The US and South Korea have reached a deal to boost Seoul’s financial support for America’s military presence in the country, in a bid to resolve a big source of friction in the alliance during Donald Trump’s presidency.
为什么好
学生写“达成一致”，只有 They agreed。FT 用的是 have reached a deal to do——是“谈成了”，而不是“口头同意”，一个动词就交代了中间有过程、有来回。in a bid to 是英语媒体高频的“为了”，比 in order to 更紧凑，还暗含“这是一次争取”。后半句 resolve a big source of friction in the alliance 用名词化把矛盾点出来：a source of friction（摩擦点）是写人际、团队、国际关系时最好用的名词短语之一，比 a problem between them 具体得多。
❌ 学生初版
The two sides talked and agreed to do something about the problem between them.
✅ 升级版
The two clubs have reached a deal to share the sports field, in a bid to resolve a long source of friction between them.
💡 效果
“同意”变成“谈成”，“为了”变成 in a bid to，“矛盾”变成 a source of friction——一句话就有新闻的分量，也把“为什么谈”说明白了。
模板 + 例句
A and B have reached a deal to [动作], in a bid to [目的]
- 校园话题：The school and the parents association have reached a deal to rebuild the playground, in a bid to resolve a long source of friction over safety.
- 社会话题：City officials and residents have reached a deal to keep the market open at weekends, in a bid to end months of protest.
句型二：谨慎待定 —— tentative … still has to be finalised … was reached in principle
结构公式
The tentative [文件/协议] still has to be finalised and signed but was reached in principle on [时间], according to [消息来源]
FT 原文
The tentative pact still has to be finalised and signed but was reached in principle on Sunday, according to officials involved in the talks.
为什么好
学生想表达“还没完全确定”，只会写 Maybe it is not true 或者 It is not sure（后者还是错的）。FT 用三个层次把“确定到什么程度”说得清清楚楚：tentative（初步的）、still has to be finalised and signed（还待敲定与签署）、was reached in principle（原则上已经达成）。结尾 according to officials involved in the talks（据参与谈判的官员）交代消息来源，让陈述有依据——这正是英语新闻里最典型的“有保留的确认”，也是雅思大作文里区分 5.5 与 7 分的那种分寸感。
❌ 学生初版
Maybe they will agree, but we do not know. Someone said it.
✅ 升级版
The tentative plan still has to be approved by the board but was agreed in principle on Friday, according to two people involved in the talks.
💡 效果
从“也许吧”升级成“初步、待批准、原则上已同意”三层信息，再补一个消息来源——不确定的表述反而变得可信。
模板 + 例句
The tentative [协议] still has to be [V-ed] but was [V-ed] in principle on [时间], according to [消息来源]
- 教育话题：The tentative rule still has to be approved by the district office but was accepted in principle last week, according to teachers involved in the talks.
- 科技话题：The tentative agreement still has to be signed by both sides but was reached in principle on Monday, according to people familiar with the matter.
句型三：官方表态 —— it reflected … commitment to …ing
结构公式
[机构/发言人] said it reflected [一方]'s commitment to [V-ing] and [V-ing] [范围]
FT 原文
The state department said it reflected the Biden administration’s “commitment to reinvigorating and modernising our democratic alliances around the world”.
为什么好
reflect 在这里不是“反射”，而是“反映出”——用来解释一个动作背后的态度，比 show 正式得多，也比 This means they want to ... 高级。commitment to 后面必须接动名词（reinvigorating、modernising），这是学生最容易写错、也最容易被加分的地方。两个 -ing 并列，还自带节奏感：reinvigorating and modernising，一动词承接“重振”，一动词承接“更新”。
❌ 学生初版
They said this shows they want to help their friends and make things better.
✅ 升级版
The school said it reflected the board’s commitment to rebuilding and modernising its ties with parents.
💡 效果
“他们想帮忙”变成了“这反映出某方致力于重建并更新某关系”——同一件事，一个是感想，一个是定性。
模板 + 例句
[机构] said it reflected [一方]'s commitment to [V-ing] and [V-ing] [范围]
- 校园话题：The head teacher said it reflected the staff’s commitment to supporting and encouraging students beyond the classroom.
- 环保话题：Ministers said it reflected the city’s commitment to cutting and recycling waste across all districts.
句型四：僵局根源 —— The deal follows a tense impasse which had strained ties
结构公式
The deal follows a tense impasse [时期/背景] which had strained ties between A and B，以及 [一方]'s refusal to budge in the negotiations caused concern among [相关方]
FT 原文
The deal follows a tense impasse under the Trump administration which had strained ties between Washington and Seoul.
The Trump administration’s refusal to budge in the negotiations caused concern among other longstanding US defence partners.
为什么好
先看时态：had strained 用过去完成时，说明“关系紧张”是协议达成之前就已经发生并持续的状态——一句话把时间层次写出来了。再看三个表达：impasse（僵局）、strain ties（使关系紧张）、refusal to budge（拒绝让步），它们把“谈判为什么会拖”变成一个可以被分析的对象。学生写“他们之前吵了很久”，FT 写的是“这份协议终结了一段令双方关系紧张的僵局”——差别在于，前者是情绪，后者是判断。
❌ 学生初版
Before this, they argued for a long time and the relationship was bad.
✅ 升级版
The deal follows a tense impasse which had strained ties between the two departments. The manager’s refusal to budge in the negotiations caused concern among other teams.
💡 效果
impasse 和 refusal to budge 让“吵很久”有了准确名字；过去完成时把因果关系锁在同一句里，和解的分量也就出来了。
模板 + 例句
The deal follows a tense impasse which had strained ties between A and B / [一方]'s refusal to budge caused concern among [相关方]
- 校园话题：The agreement follows a tense impasse which had strained ties between the two classes. Both sides’ refusal to budge caused concern among teachers.
- 职场话题：The settlement follows a tense impasse which had strained ties between the union and the management. The company’s refusal to budge on pay caused concern among other staff.
练习建议
- 先抄后造：把 4 个句型各抄 5 遍，然后用你自己的话题（不要用 FT 的美韩军费谈判）各造 2 句——保留结构，替换内容。
- 先写僵局，再写和解：任何“问题解决”类作文，都先补一句句型四（僵局与根源），再用句型一、句型二写达成与分寸，最后用句型三写表态。顺序固定，段落自动成形。
- 对照检查：写完圈出所有的
agreed、they talked、it is not sure，逐个问自己——能不能换成 today 的 4 个句型之一？
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