读《金融时报》学英文写作:句型模仿——引语与来源:3个让论据”有出处”的高级句型
学生痛点:论据没有”出处”
中学生写议论文,最常犯的毛病不是没观点,而是观点没有来源:
- ❌ “Many people think that studying abroad is good.”
- ❌ “A famous expert said that we should protect the environment.”
这两句的问题一模一样:谁说的?在什么场合说的?凭什么信他?阅卷老师一眼就看穿这是”编的论据”。而《金融时报》的记者在引用专家时,有一套固定的高级句型,把来源、身份、引语一次交代清楚——今天我们就来模仿它。
FT原文(示范素材)
In an interview on NBC’s Meet the Press, Anthony Fauci, the top US infectious disease expert, said the numbers of Covid-19 deaths “are real” and that the evidence can be seen in hospitals across the country.
Speaking on CNN, Dr Jerome Adams, the US surgeon general, also said there was “no reason to doubt those numbers” of Covid-19 deaths.
As the number of fatalities from coronavirus rose above 340,000 over the weekend, Mr Trump dismissed the figures as “fake news”, claiming the method used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to count cases was out of step with other countries.
中文对照
在接受NBC《与媒体见面》节目采访时,美国顶级传染病专家安东尼·福奇表示,新冠死亡人数”是真实的”,证据在全国各地的医院都能看到。
在美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)发表讲话时,美国卫生总署负责人杰罗姆·亚当斯也表示,“没有理由怀疑”这些新冠死亡人数。
上周末,美国新冠死亡人数突破34万之际,特朗普将这些数字斥为”假新闻”,称美国疾病控制和预防中心使用的统计方法与其他国家不一致。
句型一:身份同位语 + 引语(In an interview on…)
结构公式
In an interview on [节目/平台], [姓名], the [身份], said [引语内容]
为什么好
学生写引用只会 “X said…”。这个句型把三个信息压进一句话:在哪说的(In an interview on…)、是谁(the top US infectious disease expert——身份同位语)、说了什么(said…)。身份同位语是点睛之笔:它告诉读者”这个人为什么值得信”,比任何空洞的 “a famous expert” 都有说服力。
❌ 学生初版
“Fauci, who is a very famous doctor, said the numbers are real.”
✅ 升级版
“In an interview on NBC’s Meet the Press, Anthony Fauci, the top US infectious disease expert, said the numbers ‘are real’.”
💡 效果
身份从”一个有名的医生”(who is a very famous doctor,冗长且无力)变成”顶级传染病专家”(the top US infectious disease expert,一个名词短语),读者瞬间建立信任。
模板 + 例句
- 模板:In an interview on [平台], [姓名], the [身份], said [观点].
- 例句(学习主题):In an interview on campus radio, Professor Li, the leading expert in cognitive science, said memorising word lists “does not build long-term memory”.
句型二:As背景 + 动作(As the number of…)
结构公式
As [背景事实/数据], [某人] dismissed [数据/说法] as [定性], claiming [补充解释]
为什么好
学生写”当事人不承认数据”只会 “He didn’t believe it” 或 “He said it was wrong”。这个句型用 As + 背景数据 交代大环境,再用 dismiss…as…(把……斥为……)表达当事人的定性,最后用 claiming 补充理由——一个长句完成”背景、态度、理由”三层信息。
❌ 学生初版
“Trump didn’t agree with the numbers. He thought the way of counting was wrong.”
✅ 升级版
“As the number of fatalities rose above 340,000, Mr Trump dismissed the figures as ‘fake news’, claiming the method used by the CDC to count cases was out of step with other countries.”
💡 效果
两句话压缩成一句话,信息密度翻倍;dismiss…as… 比 didn’t agree 精准得多,claiming 自然地引出理由。
模板 + 例句
- 模板:As [背景数据], [某人] dismissed [说法] as [定性], claiming [理由].
- 例句(科技主题):As the number of data breaches rose above 1,000 last year, the company dismissed the reports as “exaggerated”, claiming its security system remained “state of the art”.
句型三:平行来源(Speaking on…)
结构公式
Speaking on [平台], [姓名], the [身份], also said [内容]
为什么好
作文里引用两个以上专家时,学生只会机械重复 “Another expert said…”。这个句型用 Speaking on / Writing in 开头,既换了一个来源载体(节目、报纸、报告),又用 also said 保持并列感。福奇和亚当斯在原文里就是这样”接力”发言的。
❌ 学生初版
“Another expert, Adams, also said the numbers are real. He is the surgeon general.”
✅ 升级版
“Speaking on CNN, Dr Jerome Adams, the US surgeon general, also said there was ‘no reason to doubt those numbers’.”
💡 效果
Speaking on CNN 让引语的”舞台感”出来,身份同位语(the US surgeon general)紧随其后,一个句子干净利落。学生版把身份放在句尾补一句,节奏拖沓。
模板 + 例句
- 模板:Speaking on [平台], [姓名], the [身份], also said [内容].
- 例句(环境主题):Speaking at the UN climate summit, Dr Maria Santos, the lead author of the report, also said the ocean “cannot absorb carbon emissions indefinitely”.
针对性练习建议
- 先背公式,再填内容:把三个结构公式抄在小卡片上,每天各造一个句子,主题轮换(学习、环境、科技)。
- 检查”论据有没有出处”:每次写完议论文,用红笔圈出所有 “sb said / sb think”,问自己三个问题——在哪说的?什么身份?原话是什么?三缺一就换成今天学的句型。
- 进阶玩法:把句型一和句型三连用,制造”多位专家接力发言”的效果,段落的权威感立刻翻倍。
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