在英语写作中，当需要描述「大规模投入」「遇到阻力」或「艰难取得成果」时，很多同学习惯使用 spend a lot of money, face problems, finally got it 等平淡表达。

今天的素材来自《金融时报》(Financial Times) 关于拜登政府酝酿3万亿美元经济计划的报道。这篇文章涵盖了从「投入」到「反对」再到「推进」的完整论证链条，提供了大量可用于议论文的高阶表达。

FT原文 Joe Biden is set to consider a plan from his top advisers to plough roughly 3tn in additional government spending into the US economy for investments in infrastructure, clean energy and education, two people familiar with the matter said on Monday.

The additional fiscal support for the US recovery would closely track Biden’s 2020 presidential election pledges to tackle some of the major structural deficiencies afflicting the US economy. It is expected to be partially offset by increases in taxes on wealthy households and US corporations.

Biden had previously said he wanted to present his multitrillion-dollar investment package as early as February, but that goal was quickly sidelined as White House officials and lawmakers focused on passing the 1.9tn coronavirus stimulus package.

Clinching congressional approval for a massive new round of spending with razor-thin majorities for Democrats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate may be even more difficult than it was for the stimulus package.

Although Republicans on Capitol Hill have often expressed an interest in approving more infrastructure spending, they have balked at tax increases and other domestic spending initiatives.

中文对照 两名知情人士周一表示，拜登将考虑其高级顾问提出的一项计划，即通过增加政府支出，向美国经济中再投入约3万亿美元，主要投资于基础设施、清洁能源和教育方面。

这项财政计划将为美国经济提供额外支持，并将贴合拜登在2020年总统大选中作出的承诺，即解决美国经济中的一些重大结构性缺陷。预计其中部分资金将来自针对富裕家庭和美国企业的增税。

拜登此前曾表示，他希望最早于2月推出规模达数万亿美元的投资计划，但这一目标很快被搁置到一边，原因是白宫官员和国会议员都把注意力放在通过1.9万亿美元的新冠刺激计划上。

民主党在参众两院都只占有微弱多数席位，想要在国会通过新一轮大规模支出计划，可能要比通过新冠刺激计划困难得多。

虽然国会山的共和党人常常表示有兴趣批准更多的基础设施支出，但他们对增税和其他国内支出提议并不感冒。

💡 高分表达解析

1. Plough … into

  • 原文出处：…to plough roughly 3tn in additional government spending into the US economy…
  • 中文解释：将（大量资金/资源）投入……。
  • 为什么好：学生习惯写 invest a lot of money in 或 spend a lot on。Plough … into 是一个极具画面感的动词短语——原意为「犁地」，引申为「大规模、用力地将资源投入某处」，比 invest 更有动感和力度。
  • 考场用法对比： ❌ 学生初版 The government spent a lot of money on education.

✅ 升级版 The government ploughed billions of dollars into the healthcare system over the past decade.

💡 效果：从「花了很多钱」升级为「大规模倾注资源」，体现出决心和力度。

2. Afflict

  • 原文出处：…tackle some of the major structural deficiencies afflicting the US economy.
  • 中文解释：使……受苦 / 折磨 / 困扰（某个系统或群体）。
  • 为什么好：学生常写 problems that affect the economy 或 issues that hurt the economy。Afflict 是一个更强烈、更正式的词，暗含「长期且严重地折磨」的意味，常用于描述系统性问题。
  • 考场用法对比： ❌ 学生初版 There are many problems that affect developing countries.

✅ 升级版 Developing countries are afflicted by a combination of poverty, political instability, and inadequate infrastructure.

💡 效果：从「有问题影响」升级为「被多重问题折磨」，语气更强、表达更学术。

3. Razor-thin majorities

  • 原文出处：…with razor-thin majorities for Democrats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate…
  • 中文解释：极其微弱的多数优势。
  • 为什么好：学生写 very small majority 或 only a few more votes 都过于平淡。Razor-thin (像刀片一样薄) 是一个极其生动的比喻，将「微弱多数」形象化，让读者立刻感受到「稍有不慎就会失去」的紧张感。
  • 考场用法对比： ❌ 学生初版 The party won the election with only a few more votes.

✅ 升级版 The ruling party secured a razor-thin majority, making it difficult to push through controversial reforms.

💡 效果：从「仅多几票」升级为「刀锋般的微弱优势」，画面感强，凸显政治的不确定性。

4. Be sidelined

  • 原文出处：…that goal was quickly sidelined as White House officials focused on passing the stimulus package.
  • 中文解释：被搁置 / 被边缘化 / 被排挤到一旁。
  • 为什么好：学生常写 be put aside 或 was delayed。Side-lined 源自体育术语（将球员换下场），引申为「原本重要的事情被更重要的事情推到一旁」，比 put aside 更生动。
  • 考场用法对比： ❌ 学生初版 The plan was put aside because of other more important issues.

✅ 升级版 Environmental protection was repeatedly sidelined in favour of short-term economic growth.

💡 效果：从「被放在一边」升级为「被边缘化/靠边站」，暗示优先级的竞争和牺牲。

5. Balk at

  • 原文出处：…they have balked at tax increases and other domestic spending initiatives.
  • 中文解释：对……犹豫 / 拒绝接受 / 反对。
  • 为什么好：学生习惯写 oppose 或 refuse to accept。Balk at 描述的是「因为某事太困难或令人不悦而犹豫不决甚至拒绝」，比 oppose 多了一层「心理抵触」的意味。
  • 考场用法对比： ❌ 学生初版 Many people opposed the new tax policy.

✅ 升级版 The public balked at the idea of paying higher taxes for services they would never use.

💡 效果：从简单的「反对」升级为「因反感而拒绝」，更精准地传达了「心理抗拒」的层次。

✍️ 写作建议

这篇经济学报道教给我们一个重要技巧：用动词代替抽象表达。把 spend a lot of money 换成 plough … into，把 be put aside 换成 be sidelined，把 oppose 换成 balk at——每一个替换都让文章更有力量、更生动。

英语高分作文不是堆砌长词，而是精准使用有力的动词和生动的比喻。

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