为什么这篇值得学？

辉瑞(Pfizer)与BioNTech在2020年11月宣布其新冠疫苗”90%有效”时，全球股市瞬间沸腾。FT的这篇报道不仅是新闻写作的典范，更是一份浓缩的市场反应词汇宝库。文中既有描述股价变动的精准动词（jump, soar, rally, climb），也有描写突破性进展的修辞（breakthrough, green light, far exceed），还有专家引语的漂亮句式。

这些表达，无论你是写雅思小作文的图表描述，还是大作文中的论证推进，或者高考读后续写的情感高潮，全都用得上。

原文精选

A Covid-19 vaccine being developed by Pfizer and Germany’s BioNTech has been found to be more than 90 per cent effective, in a breakthrough that could make the shot available for use by the end of the year if drug authorities give it the green light.

Pfizer shares jumped almost 15 per cent in pre-market trading in New York, while those of Nasdaq-listed BioNTech rose 25 per cent. The Pfizer results far exceed the US Food and Drug Administration’s criteria for approving a Covid-19 vaccine.

Global equity markets rallied sharply after Pfizer’s announcement, led by travel and leisure companies that have been hit particularly hard by the coronavirus crisis. British Airways parent IAG soared by a third in London, while Air France-KLM jumped 30 per cent in Paris and Ryanair climbed 16 per cent in Dublin. Oil prices, which have been knocked by the pandemic’s effects on demand for fuel, also added to earlier gains.

“To me, this is the best possible outcome,” Ugur Sahin, co-founder and chief executive of BioNTech told the Financial Times, while Pfizer boss Albert Bourla said it was “a great day for science and humanity”. Anthony Fauci, the head of the US National Institutes of Health, described 90 per cent effectiveness as “just extraordinary”.

中文对照

辉瑞(Pfizer)与德国BioNTech正在研发的一款新冠疫苗被发现有效性超过90%，这一突破意味着如果药品监管机构为其亮绿灯，该疫苗可能于年底前投入使用。

辉瑞股价在纽约盘前交易中跃升近15%，在纳斯达克上市的BioNTech股价则上涨25%。辉瑞的这些结果远远超过了美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的获批标准。

辉瑞的消息公布后，全球股市大幅上涨，其中旅游和休闲类公司领涨，它们的业务受新冠危机打击最为严重。英国航空的母公司IAG在伦敦飙升三分之一，法航荷航在巴黎跃升30%，瑞安航空在都柏林上涨16%。石油价格也延续了此前的涨势——石油需求此前受到了疫情的影响。

BioNTech联合创始人兼首席执行官乌尔•萨欣(Ugur Sahin)对英国《金融时报》表示：“对我来说，这是最好的可能结果。“辉瑞首席执行官阿尔伯特•布尔拉(Albert Bourla)则表示，这是”科学和人道主义的伟大一天”。美国国家卫生研究院(NIH)院长安东尼•福奇(Anthony Fauci)将90%的有效性形容为”格外非凡”。

高分表达解析

1. in a breakthrough that… — “一项……的突破”

原文出处：“…has been found to be more than 90 per cent effective, in a breakthrough that could make the shot available for use by the end of the year.”

为什么好：学生写”重要进展”只会用 important progress 或 big achievement。而 breakthrough 暗示这是一个质的飞跃（从0到90%），而非渐进式进步。更关键的是，FT用的是同位语结构 in a breakthrough that...，把结果的重大意义用一个名词短语自然带出，比 This is an important breakthrough because... 简洁有力得多。

❌ 学生初版 The research made big progress. This means the vaccine can be used soon.

✅ 升级版 The trials yielded a result of over 90% efficacy, in a breakthrough that could bring the vaccine to market within months.

💡 效果 in a breakthrough that 把”结果”和”意义”压缩在一个短句中，句子更紧凑，更有新闻感。

模拟例句 The team finally solved the equation, in a breakthrough that could revolutionise how we treat the disease.

2. give it the green light — “开绿灯，批准”

原文出处：“…if drug authorities give it the green light.”

为什么好：学生表达”批准”永远用 approve。give the green light 是一个地道的隐喻表达，从交通信号灯借用而来，比 approve 更生动、更形象。雅思写作中描述政策、计划、项目的获批，用这个表达立刻提升分数。

❌ 学生初版 The government approved the new policy on education reform.

✅ 升级版 The government gave the green light to a sweeping reform of the education system.

💡 效果 具体的隐喻（绿灯）让抽象概念（批准）变得视觉化，这是高级写作的核心技巧。

模拟例句 The school finally gave the green light to the student-led environmental project after months of discussion.

3. jumped / soared / rallied / climbed — 一组市场变动动词

原文出处：“Pfizer shares jumped almost 15 per cent… IAG soared by a third… markets rallied sharply… Ryanair climbed 16 per cent…”

为什么好：中国学生描写”上升”只会用一个词——increase。而FT在同一段落里用了四个不同的动词，每一个都有细微差别：

  • jump — 突然、短促的大幅上升（像被吓到跳起来）
  • soar — 持续、稳步地飙升（像老鹰展翅高飞）
  • rally — 下跌后的反弹回升（先跌后涨）
  • climb — 持续但温和的上涨（像爬山一样步步上升）

雅思小作文图表描述，掌握这四个词就够了。

❌ 学生初版 The price increased a lot. Then it increased again after a small decrease.

✅ 升级版 Tech shares jumped sharply at the open, while oil prices rallied in afternoon trading. The index climbed steadily throughout the session, and airline stocks soared on the positive news.

💡 效果 四个不同的动词避免了重复，而且每个词都暗示了不同的变动节奏——考官一看就知道你不是在背模板。

模拟例句 The number of tourists soared after the new airport opened, while hotel prices jumped by 30 per cent during the peak season.

4. far exceed — “远超”

原文出处：“The Pfizer results far exceed the US Food and Drug Administration’s criteria…”

为什么好：学生说”超出”只会用 more than 或 higher than。far exceed 是两个层次的提升：exceed 本身比 more than 正式，far 又强调了”远超”而不是”刚刚超过”。在议论文中写到”数据超出预期""结果好于标准”，这个表达非常实用。

❌ 学生初版 The sales this year were much higher than our expectations.

✅ 升级版 This year’s sales far exceeded our initial projections, with the final figure reaching double the forecast.

💡 效果 far exceed 简洁有力，而且自带”令人惊讶”的意味，比 much higher than 更能体现作者的判断。

模拟例句 The student’s improvement in just three months far exceeded what her teachers had expected.

5. knocked by — “受到……的打击”

原文出处：“Oil prices, which have been knocked by the pandemic’s effects on demand for fuel…”

为什么好：学生表达”受影响”只会用 affected by 或 influenced by。knocked by 暗含”被打了一拳”的力量感，比 affected 生动得多。雅思写作中的”受政策影响""受危机冲击”场景都可以用。

❌ 学生初版 Many small businesses were badly affected by the economic crisis.

✅ 升级版 Local restaurants and cafes were particularly knocked by the sudden drop in tourist arrivals, with several forced to close.

💡 效果 knocked by 有一种”措手不及、被动挨打”的画面感——这正是新闻英语的能量来源。

模拟例句 The export sector, already knocked by rising tariffs, now faces additional shipping delays.

写作建议

这五个表达有一个共同特点：它们都是具体的、有画面的动词或短语，而不是抽象的、中性的词汇。

中国学生写作最大的问题不是单词量不够，而是不知道用一个有力量的具体动词代替一个空洞的宽泛动词。

  • 不要写 increase，写 soar / jump / rally
  • 不要写 important，写 breakthrough
  • 不要写 affected，写 knocked by
  • 不要写 more than，写 far exceed

每篇作文中能有2-3个这样的具体动词，整篇文章的档次就完全不一样了。

下次读外刊时，特别留意动词的选择——同一个意思，FT记者会用哪个词？为什么选这个词？这种观察习惯，比背100个单词表都有用。

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