读《金融时报》学英文写作：定语从句——从美股高位企稳学「从句的接力棒」
句子之间「断电」，缺的不是连接词
很多学生写作文，句子本身没毛病，但连起来读像断线的珠子：
The students are tired. This is because the schedule is too tight. The schedule was made by the school.
三句话里，This is 出现一次，schedule 重复两次。读者只能自己去猜这三句是什么关系。
《金融时报》2021年6月这篇美股收盘报道（记者 Naomi Rovnick、Alyson Velati）几乎不用连接词串场，而是用定语从句当接力棒：读者刚看到的名词，下一句直接用 which / who 接住，继续往下写。今天把它拆成四个可复制的动作。
FT原文示范
The dollar index, which measures the greenback against major currencies, rose 0.2 per cent on Tuesday as jitters increased about the Fed’s next move.
Among the most closely watched releases this week will be the US non-farm payrolls data on Friday, which is expected to show American employers adding close to 700,000 jobs in May, up from 559,000 in the previous month.
US and Asian investors, who have been sellers of European stocks in recent years, have been buying them this year, said strategists at Goldman Sachs.
Companies on the Stoxx 600 are expected to report aggregate earnings growth of more than 50 per cent in 2021 compared with 2020, according to forecasts collated by the data provider FactSet.
中文对照：
随着市场对美联储下一步行动的担忧加剧，衡量美元兑主要货币汇率的美元指数周二上涨0.2%。
本周最受关注的数据将是周五发布的美国非农就业数据。预计该数据将显示，美国雇主5月新增就业岗位近70万个，高于上月的55.9万个。
高盛(Goldman Sachs)策略师表示，近年来一直在抛售欧洲股票的美国和亚洲投资者今年已开始买入。
根据数据提供商FactSet整理的预测，预计泛欧斯托克600指数成份股公司2021年的总盈利将较2020年增长逾50%。
技巧1：which 给「术语」接一句解释——读者第一次见到的名词
结构公式： [术语/指标], which measures / tracks [一句解释], [主句动作]
FT例句：
The dollar index, which measures the greenback against major currencies, rose 0.2 per cent on Tuesday as jitters increased about the Fed’s next move.
美元指数是什么？FT 不指望读者知道，用 which 从句顺手解释一句「衡量美元兑主要货币汇率的指标」，然后主句才给出涨跌。中文的破折号插入（衡量……的美元指数）其实承担了同一个功能。
❌ 学生初版 Students now take part in “sunlight sports”. It asks them to run for 20 minutes before class.
✅ 升级版 Students now take part in “sunlight sports”, which requires a 20-minute run before the first class.
💡 效果 用 which 从句替代另起一句，陌生的活动名、政策名、平台名都能这样「一句话带过」，读者不会卡住。
考场模板：
[术语], which requires / refers to [一句解释]- 例：The “double reduction” policy, which limits after-school tutoring, has changed our weekends.
技巧2：which 给「数据」接上内容，预告句不用另起一句
结构公式： [数据/报告], which is expected to show [内容], up from [对比数据]
FT例句：
Among the most closely watched releases this week will be the US non-farm payrolls data on Friday, which is expected to show American employers adding close to 700,000 jobs in May, up from 559,000 in the previous month.
主句只交代「本周最受关注的是周五的非农数据」，内容全部交给从句：预期新增多少、比上月多多少。一句读完，三个信息点（时间、预期、对比）都到位，没有一句是重复的。
❌ 学生初版 The most important number is the jobs report. It will come out on Friday. Analysts think 700,000 jobs were added. Last month the figure was 559,000.
✅ 升级版 The number to watch is Friday’s jobs report, which is expected to show about 700,000 new jobs, up from 559,000 a month earlier.
💡 效果
四句并一句；up from ... 直接把对比数据挂在从句尾巴上，这是数据句最省力的写法。
技巧3：从句交代「过去」，主句给出「转折」——不用 but
结构公式： [主体], who have been [过去的做法], have [今年的转变]
FT例句：
US and Asian investors, who have been sellers of European stocks in recent years, have been buying them this year, said strategists at Goldman Sachs.
从句是「过去几年一直在卖」，主句是「今年开始买」。一卖一买之间的转折，全靠从句和主句的对照完成，一个 but 都不用写——这种写法在议论文里格外好用：先给对方立一个习惯印象，再用主句翻盘。
❌ 学生初版 Foreign investors sold European stocks for years. But this year they started buying them again.
✅ 升级版 Investors, who had been selling European stocks for years, have started buying them again this year.
💡 效果 But 换成了从句，句子更紧；同时「过去」放从句、「现在」放主句，信息重心自然落在转折上。
技巧4（加餐）：两组数据相连，用 which 把第二组「挂」上去
结构公式： [第一组数据], which is expected to [第二组]
FT例句：
Companies on the Stoxx 600 are expected to report aggregate earnings growth of more than 50 per cent in 2021 compared with 2020, according to forecasts collated by the data provider FactSet. S&P 500 companies are expected to achieve 37 per cent earnings growth.
FT 这里把两组数据写成了两句（第二句重新起了主语 S&P 500 companies），读起来是稳的。但如果两组数据同属一句话的语境，更省力的做法是把第二组用 which 挂上去：
✅ 升级版（仿写示例） Companies on the Stoxx 600 are expected to report earnings growth of more than 50 per cent this year, which is expected to reach 37 per cent for S&P 500 companies.
💡 效果
are expected to ... are expected to ... 这种重复被一个 which 消掉，读者一眼看清两组的落差。
针对性练习建议
- 接力改写：找出你最近一篇作文里连续三个短句（含 This 开头或重复名词的），用 which / who 从句把后两句的信息接进第一句。
- 术语解释练习：挑一个你作文里出现的「圈内名词」（政策名、活动名、平台名），用
which requires / refers to ...补一句解释。 - 今昔对比练习：用
[主体], who had been ..., have ...写一句话，把「过去的习惯」和「今年的变化」并在一句里。
下一篇（同维度）我们看反方向的问题：从句的「承重」——一个从句能挂的东西是有限的，挂不动的时候，FT 用什么办法拆。
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