很多同学的作文被扣分,不是因为语法错,而是因为缺乏逻辑推进。
比如写”科技在改变教育”——第一句说”科技很重要”,第二句说”学生可以用电脑学习”,第三句又说”所以科技很重要”——段落是转圈,不是在推进。
今天我们从FT一篇关于数字疫苗接种护照的报道中,提取5个能帮你的作文建立逻辑推进的表达。这5个表达有一个共同特征:它们自带”因果”或”发展”的逻辑关系。
FT原文
Health and technology groups are working together to create a digital vaccination passport in the expectation that governments, airlines and other businesses will require proof people have been vaccinated against Covid-19.
The coalition builds on work done by one of its members, The Commons Project, to develop an internationally accepted digital certificate to prove travellers have tested negative for Covid-19. The pass developed by the non-profit, established with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, is now being used by all three major airline alliances.
By working with health IT companies, the new system will be able to draw from electronic medical records to create a digital card.
“Many countries have either shut their borders entirely or now put in place mandatory testing requirements for all international travel.”
As new variants of the virus spread across the world, The Commons Project says it has seen a substantial increase in interest.
中文对照
医疗和科技集团正在携手开发一种数字”疫苗接种护照”。各方预期政府、航空公司和其他企业将会要求人们提供已接种疫苗的证明。
该联盟建立在The Commons Project所做工作的基础上。这个非营利组织开发了一种国际认可的数字证书。
通过与医疗IT公司合作,新系统将能够从电子病历中提取信息以创建数字卡。
“许多国家要么完全关闭边境,要么现在对所有国际旅行实施强制检测要求。”
随着新变种在世界各地传播,各方的兴趣大幅增长。
词汇解析
① in the expectation that — 预期
原文出处: “working together to create a digital vaccination passport in the expectation that governments, airlines and other businesses will require proof…”
中文解释: 意思是”怀着……的预期/期待”。与简单用”because”或”hoping that”不同,这个表达强调”行动建立在合理预期之上”。
为什么好: 学生写”We do this because we think…”太口语化。in the expectation that 是正式书面表达,既能说明原因,又保留了”预期不一定100%实现”的余地——这让论证更客观。
❌ 学生初版 Many companies invest in green technology because they think it will be profitable.
✅ 升级版 Many companies are investing in green technology in the expectation that stricter environmental regulations will follow.
💡 效果
升级版用一个 in the expectation that 同时完成了”原因”和”前瞻”两个信息——比”because + think”正式得多。
② builds on — 建立在……基础上
原文出处: “The coalition builds on work done by one of its members.”
中文解释: 表示”在已有的基础之上推进”。不是从零开始,而是沿着已有的成果继续发展。
为什么好: 写议论文时,很多学生只会说”based on”——但这个表达偏静态(基于已有的东西)。builds on 有动态感:它不仅”基于”,还”推进”。这个动作非常适合描述科技发展、社会进步等话题。
❌ 学生初版 The new education system is based on the experience of other countries.
✅ 升级版 China’s new education reform builds on successful practices from Finland and Singapore while adapting them to local conditions.
💡 效果
升级版用 builds on 替代”is based on”,把静态描述变成了主动推进。
③ put in place — 实施/建立
原文出处: “now put in place mandatory testing requirements for all international travel.”
中文解释: 字面”放在合适位置”,在正式语境中指”建立/实施某种制度、规则、系统”。
为什么好: 学生写”the government made new rules”——可以,但不够精确。put in place 强调”系统性地建立并运行”,比”make”正式得多,而且暗示了制度从无到有的过程。
❌ 学生初版 The school made new rules to stop bullying.
✅ 升级版 The school put in place a comprehensive anti-bullying system, including reporting channels and counselling services.
💡 效果
升级版用 put in place + 具体细节,让读者感觉”这不是一个空口号,而是一个实际运行的系统”。
④ draw from — 从……提取
原文出处: “the new system will be able to draw from electronic medical records to create a digital card.”
中文解释: 表示”从一个来源中提取/调用信息或资源”。不同于简单的”use”,draw from 暗示了”来源是已有的、系统化的”。
为什么好: 很多学生写”use different sources”——万能动词use让句子缺乏亮点。draw from 更精确地表达了”从池子里取”的意味,非常适合写利用资源、借鉴经验等场景。
❌ 学生初版 Teachers can use different resources to make their classes more interesting.
✅ 升级版 Teachers can draw from a wide range of online resources, including video lectures, interactive quizzes, and virtual labs, to enrich their classes.
💡 效果
升级版用 draw from + 具体列举,展示出”教师有丰富的资源库可调用”的画面感。
⑤ a substantial increase in — 大幅增长
原文出处: “it has seen a substantial increase in interest.”
中文解释: substantial 表示”显著的、大量的”。a substantial increase in 是正式英语中最标准的数据增长描述方式。
为什么好: 学生写”more and more people”或”growing interest”——口语化太重。在图表题或议论文中,a substantial increase in 是native speaker最常用的形式描述。
❌ 学生初版 More and more students are interested in studying abroad.
✅ 升级版 There has been a substantial increase in the number of Chinese students applying to overseas universities over the past decade.
💡 效果
升级版用 a substantial increase in 代替”more and more”,再加上具体主语和时段,立刻从闲聊变成了正式论证。
写作建议
这5个表达最值得学习的不是词汇本身,而是它们背后那个”从A到B”的逻辑关系:
in the expectation that= 行动 → 预期结果builds on= 新成就 → 旧基础put in place= 从无 → 到有draw from= 资源 → 使用a substantial increase in= 变化
下次写议论文时,问自己一句:我的每一句话是否都在推进论证? 如果是,这5个表达就是帮你”推进”的工具。如果句子在转圈,那就先想清楚逻辑,再用表达来落地。
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